In this paper, we give an overview of duality ’s architecture and its health care solution, noID . On the lowest level, duality is based on two independent blockchains executing different tasks for the duality platform. The first chain, dynamic , is a permissionless public blockchain which focuses on privacy, anonymity and efficiency. In order to achieve these goals, the dynamic chain makes strong use of the recent technological innovations in the field. Using a second tier of specialized network nodes, dynamic aims to establish a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO), which self-governs its evolution in a sustainable manner. The second chain, sequence , provides duality ’s interface to the real world. Like dynamic , sequence has two tiers of nodes. Regular nodes sustain the basic functionality of the blockchain, whereas specialized nodes cater to the needs of a specific real-world problem. Unlike the permissionless dynamic chain, sequence features a novel hybrid model, where regular nodes are run by the public, while the application-specific specialized nodes are licensed to customers by DBS. The first such application, the duality noID solution, targets the health care sector. It provides an accurate, reliable and fast solution for identifying patients and enabling secure access to their protected health information (PHI). While the efficiency of patient identification and data retrieval can be a matter of life or death [2], so far no satisfactory and scalable solution to this problem has been found. We will show in detail below, how noID suffers from none of the issues faced by current systems and can be easily integrated into existing systems. Its initial implementation will focus on and comply with the public health care system in the United States. However, noID is designed to be easy adapted by health care organizations throughout the world and we expect noID to be deployed on a large scale in the near future. This work is structured as follows: In section 2 we give an overview of the architecture of the duality chains and their interactions. Our solution to health care, noID is described in detail in section 3. An outlook focusing on future developments and the sustainability of the system is presented in section 4, before we conclude this work in section 5. Technical details about the duality protocol and its implementation are given in the appendices.
